🇷🇺 Lesson 5: Numbers, Time & Dates

🎯 What You'll Learn

Numbers are essential for prices, addresses, phone numbers, and telling time. Russian numbers interact with grammar cases in unique ways — the noun form changes depending on the number!

Estimated Time: 50–60 minutes

🔢 Numbers 0–10

#RussianTransliteration#RussianTransliteration
0нольnol'6шестьshest'
1один / одна / одноadin / adna / adno7семьsyem'
2два / двеdva / dvye8восемьvosim'
3триtri9девятьdyevit'
4четыреchityrye10десятьdyesit'
5пятьpyat'

✅ Grammar Note: Numbers Have Gender!

Один (m.), одна (f.), одно (n.) — "one" matches the noun's gender.

Два (m./n.), две (f.) — "two" has two forms.

один дом (one house) · одна книга (one book) · два стола (two tables) · две книги (two books)

🔢 Numbers 11–100

#RussianTransliteration#RussianTransliteration
11одиннадцатьadinnatsat'40сорокsorak
12двенадцатьdvinatsat'50пятьдесятpit'disyat
13тринадцатьtrinatsat'60шестьдесятshist'disyat
14четырнадцатьchityrnatsat'70семьдесятsyem'disit
15пятнадцатьpitnatsat'80восемьдесятvosim'disit
20двадцатьdvatsat'90девяностоdivinosta
30тридцатьtritsat'100стоsto

🔢 Big Numbers

#RussianTransliteration
200двестиdvyesti
300тристаtrista
500пятьсотpit'sot
1,000тысячаtysyacha
1,000,000миллионmillion

⚠️ The Number–Noun Case Rule

After numbers, the noun form changes:

1 → nominative singular: один рубль (one ruble)

2, 3, 4 → genitive singular: два рубля (two rubles)

5–20 → genitive plural: пять рублей (five rubles)

Pattern repeats: 21 рубль, 22 рубля, 25 рублей...

🕐 Telling Time

RussianTransliterationEnglish
Который час?Katoriy chas?What time is it?
ЧасChasOne o'clock
Два часаDva chasaTwo o'clock
Пять часовPyat' chasovFive o'clock
Полдень / ПолночьPoldin' / Polnach'Noon / Midnight
утром / днём / вечеромutram / dnyom / vyechiramin the morning / afternoon / evening
💡 Cultural Insight: Russia uses the 24-hour clock in schedules and transportation. You'll see "поезд в 14:30" (train at 14:30) rather than "2:30 PM." In casual talk, people add "утра" (morning), "дня" (afternoon), or "вечера" (evening).

📅 Days of the Week

RussianTransliterationEnglishMemory Aid
понедельникpanidyel'nikMonday"после недели" — after the week
вторникftornikTuesday"второй" — second
средаsridaWednesday"середина" — middle
четвергchitvyergThursday"четвёртый" — fourth
пятницаpyatnitsaFriday"пятый" — fifth
субботаsubotaSaturdayFrom "Sabbath"
воскресеньеvaskrisyen'yeSunday"resurrection"

📅 Months

RussianTransliterationEnglishRussianTransliterationEnglish
январьyanvar'Januaryиюльiyul'July
февральfivral'FebruaryавгустavgostAugust
мартmartMarchсентябрьsintyabr'September
апрельapryel'Aprilоктябрьaktyabr'October
майmayMayноябрьnayabr'November
июньiyun'Juneдекабрьdikabr'December

🗣️ Practice Dialogue

— Который час? (Katoriy chas?) — What time is it?

— Три часа. (Tri chasa.) — Three o'clock.

— А какой сегодня день? (A kakoy sivodnya dyen'?) — What day is today?

— Среда, пятнадцатое апреля. (Srida, pitnatstatoye apryel'a.) — Wednesday, April 15th.

— Сколько стоит билет? (Skol'ka stoit bilyet?) — How much is a ticket?

— Двести рублей. (Dvyesti rublyey.) — 200 rubles.

📝 Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

1. How do you say "5" in Russian?

четыре
пять
шесть

2. Why "два рубля" but "пять рублей"?

Different numbers require different noun cases
One form is incorrect
They're interchangeable

3. What day is "среда"?

Monday
Wednesday
Friday

4. How does "один" change based on a noun's gender?

It doesn't change — always один
один (m.), одна (f.), одно (n.)
одна (m.), один (f.), одно (n.)