🇷🇺 Lesson 6: Family & Personal Descriptions

🎯 What You'll Learn

Family is central to Russian culture. This lesson covers family vocabulary, possessive pronouns, adjective agreement (Russian adjectives change based on gender!), and how to describe people's appearance and personality.

Estimated Time: 45–60 minutes

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Family Members

RussianTransliterationEnglishRussianTransliterationEnglish
мамаmamamomпапаpapadad
матьmat'mother (formal)отецatyetsfather (formal)
сестраsistrasisterбратbratbrother
дочьdoch'daughterсынsynson
бабушкаbabushkagrandmotherдедушкаdyedushkagrandfather
женаzhinawifeмужmuzhhusband
тётяtyotyaauntдядяdyadyauncle
внучкаvnuchkagranddaughterвнукvnukgrandson
двоюродная сестраdvayurodnaya sistrafemale cousinдвоюродный братdvayurodniy bratmale cousin
💡 Cultural Insight: The word "бабушка" (babushka) has made it into English, but in Russia it means much more than just "grandmother." Бабушки are legendary — they're the backbone of Russian families, often living with or near their children, helping raise grandchildren, and preparing elaborate meals. The stereotype of a fierce бабушка guarding her apartment building or garden is very real!

🗣️ Possessive Pronouns

PronounMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
myмой (moy)моя (maya)моё (mayo)мои (mai)
your (inf.)твой (tvoy)твоя (tvaya)твоё (tvayo)твои (tvai)
hisего (yivo) — doesn't change!
herеё (yeyo) — doesn't change!
ourнаш (nash)наша (nasha)наше (nashe)наши (nashi)
your (formal)ваш (vash)ваша (vasha)ваше (vashe)ваши (vashi)
theirих (ikh) — doesn't change!

✅ Grammar Note: Gender Agreement

Possessives match the thing possessed, not the owner:

мой брат (my brother, m.) · моя сестра (my sister, f.) · моё имя (my name, n.)

A woman says "мой брат" (not "моя") because брат is masculine.

Exception: его, её, их never change form regardless of the noun.

🎨 Adjectives: Appearance

Russian (m./f.)TransliterationEnglish
высокий / высокаяvysokiy / vysokayatall
низкий / низкаяnizkiy / nizkayashort (height)
красивый / красиваяkrasiviy / krasivayabeautiful/handsome
молодой / молодаяmaladoy / maladayayoung
старый / стараяstariy / starayaold
худой / худаяkhudoy / khudayathin
сильный / сильнаяsil'niy / sil'nayastrong

💡 Adjective Endings Pattern

Masculine: -ый / -ий / -ой (красивый, синий, большой)

Feminine: -ая / -яя (красивая, синяя)

Neuter: -ое / -ее (красивое, синее)

Plural: -ые / -ие (красивые, синие)

💭 Personality & Character

Russian (m./f.)TransliterationEnglish
добрый / добраяdobriy / dobrayakind
умный / умнаяumniy / umnayasmart
весёлый / весёлаяvisyoliy / visyolayacheerful
серьёзный / серьёзнаяsir'yozniy / sir'yoznayaserious
ленивый / лениваяliniviy / linivayalazy
трудолюбивый / -аяtrudolyubiviyhardworking
общительный / -аяabshchitel'niysociable
скромный / скромнаяskromniy / skromnayamodest

👤 Describing Hair & Eyes

RussianTransliterationEnglish
светлые волосыsvyetliye volosylight/blond hair
тёмные волосыtyomniye volosydark hair
рыжие волосыryzhiye volosyred/ginger hair
короткие волосыkarotkiye volosyshort hair
длинные волосыdlinniye volosylong hair
голубые глазаgalubiye glazablue eyes
карие глазаkariye glazabrown eyes
зелёные глазаzilyoniye glazagreen eyes
💡 Cultural Insight: Russian has two words for blue: голубой (light blue/sky blue) and синий (dark blue/navy). These aren't shades of the same color — Russians perceive them as completely different colors, like English speakers see "red" and "orange." When describing eyes, голубой is used for the typical "blue eyes."

🗣️ Practice Dialogue

— У тебя есть братья или сёстры?

(U tibya yest' brat'ya ili syostry?) — Do you have brothers or sisters?

— Да, у меня есть старший брат и младшая сестра.

(Da, u minya yest' starshiy brat i mladshaya sistra.) — Yes, I have an older brother and younger sister.

— Какой твой брат?

(Kakoy tvoy brat?) — What is your brother like?

— Он высокий и весёлый. У него тёмные волосы.

(On vysokiy i visyoliy. U nivo tyomniye volosy.) — He's tall and cheerful. He has dark hair.

— А сестра?

(A sistra?) — And your sister?

— Она красивая и умная. У неё голубые глаза.

(Ana krasivaya i umnaya. U niyo galubiye glaza.) — She's beautiful and smart. She has blue eyes.

📝 Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

1. How do you say "my sister" in Russian?

мой сестра
моя сестра
моё сестра

2. What's special about "его" (his), "её" (her), and "их" (their)?

They don't change form based on the noun's gender
They have the most irregular forms
They can only be used with masculine nouns

3. What is "бабушка"?

A type of headscarf
Grandmother
A doll

4. What's the feminine form of "красивый" (beautiful)?

красивое
красивая
красивые